Three things put in order, and two more after
Each one is given a clause saying why it matters.
اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ لِي دِينِيَ الَّذِي هُوَ عِصْمَةُ أَمْرِي وَأَصْلِحْ لِي دُنْيَاىَ الَّتِي فِيهَا مَعَاشِي وَأَصْلِحْ لِي آخِرَتِي الَّتِي فِيهَا مَعَادِي وَاجْعَلِ الْحَيَاةَ زِيَادَةً لِي فِي كُلِّ خَيْرٍ وَاجْعَلِ الْمَوْتَ رَاحَةً لِي مِنْ كُلِّ شَرٍّ
Allāhumma aṣliḥ lī dīniya-lladhī huwa ʿiṣmatu amrī, wa aṣliḥ lī dunyāya-llatī fīhā maʿāshī, wa aṣliḥ lī ākhiratī-llatī fīhā maʿādī, wa-jʿali-l-ḥayāta ziyādatan lī fī kulli khayr, wa-jʿali-l-mawta rāḥatan lī min kulli sharr
“O Allah, set right my religion, which is the safeguard of my affairs. Set right my world, in which is my living. Set right my next life, to which I am returning. Make life an increase for me in every good, and make death a rest for me from every evil.”
Where this comes from
It covers the whole of a person in one sentence: the thing that holds him together, the place he earns in, and where he is going. Then it asks for the two states themselves to be turned into instruments, living for more good and dying as relief.
The full narration
Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to supplicate (in these words):" O Allah, set right for me my religion which is the safeguard of my affairs. And set right for me the affairs of my world wherein is my living. And set right for me my Hereafter on which depends my after-life. And make the life for me (a source) of abundance for every good and make my death a source of comfort for me protecting me against every evil
Source
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim · 6903
- Agreed upon as authentic (al-Bukhārī / Muslim)